Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Beeswax Alcohol Prevents Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation and Demonstrates Antioxidant Activities in Zebrafish Embryos and Human Subjects: A Clinical Study

doi: 10.3390/cimb46010026

Figure Lengend Snippet: The comparative effect of beeswax alcohol (BWA) and coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10 ) on free radical scavenging and paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) activity. ( A ) DPPH free radical scavenging activity. ( B ) Paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) activity in HDL. The PON-1 activity is expressed as the formation of 1 μmol p -nitrophenol from the substrate paraoxon-ethyl at a unit volume of the enzyme and time. p -value represents the statistical difference between the groups employing one-way ANOVA following Tukey’s post hoc analysis.

Article Snippet: 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (Cat. No. 044150), paraoxon-ethyl (Cat. No. 36186), N -ε-carboxymethyllysine (Cat No. 14580-5 g), coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10 ) (Cat. No. C9538-100 mg), dihydroethidium (Cat. No. 37291), and acridine orange (Cat. No. A9231) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Beeswax Alcohol Prevents Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation and Demonstrates Antioxidant Activities in Zebrafish Embryos and Human Subjects: A Clinical Study

doi: 10.3390/cimb46010026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of beeswax alcohol (BWA) and coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10 ) on CuSO 4 -induced oxidation of LDL. ( A ) Electrophoretic mobility of apo-B fraction of LDL. Lanes 1, 2, and 3 represent LDL + CuSO 4 treated with 10, 20, and 30 μM CoQ 10 , respectively. Lanes N and O reflect a native non-oxidized LDL and CuSO 4 -oxidized LDL, respectively. Lanes 4, 5, and 6 symbolize LDL + CuSO 4 treated with 10, 20, and 30 μM BWA. Electrophoresis was performed on 0.5% agarose gel using Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0) at a constant voltage (50 V). The red arrow indicates the gel loading front. ( B ) Quantification of CuSO 4 -induced LDL oxidation in the presence and absence of BWA and CoQ 10 . The LDL oxidation was quantified by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay using malondialdehyde (MDA) as reference. p value represents the statistical difference between the groups with respect to oxidized LDL employing one-way ANOVA following Tukey’s post hoc analysis.

Article Snippet: 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (Cat. No. 044150), paraoxon-ethyl (Cat. No. 36186), N -ε-carboxymethyllysine (Cat No. 14580-5 g), coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10 ) (Cat. No. C9538-100 mg), dihydroethidium (Cat. No. 37291), and acridine orange (Cat. No. A9231) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Electrophoresis, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, TBARS Assay

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Beeswax Alcohol Prevents Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation and Demonstrates Antioxidant Activities in Zebrafish Embryos and Human Subjects: A Clinical Study

doi: 10.3390/cimb46010026

Figure Lengend Snippet: A comparative effect of beeswax alcohol (BWA) and coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10 ) to prevent carboxymethyllysine (CML)-induced toxicity in zebrafish embryos. ( A ) Survivability rate of zebrafish embryos at 5 h post-treatment. ( B ) Images representing developmental deformities at 5 h and 24 h post-treatment. The red and black arrows represent the embryo death and tail curvature, respectively, while the green and blue arrows represent pericardial and yolk sac edema, respectively. ( C ) Fluorescent images of dihydroethidium (DHE) and acridine orange (AO) representing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in the embryos of zebrafish. ( D ) Quantification of the fluorescent intensity. Image J software was utilized to compute the fluorescent intensity of DHE (red fluorescence) and AO (green fluorescence) staining. PBS and CML groups represent the embryos microinjected with 10 nL of PBS and 500 ng CML/10 nL PBS, respectively, while embryos in CML + BWA or CoQ 10 groups were microinjected with 500 ng CML suspended in 10 nL of BWA or CoQ 10 (final 15 μM). ** represents p < 0.01, * represents p < 0.05 compared with the AO fluorescent intensity of only-CML-injected group, while ## represents p < 0.01, and # represents p < 0.05 compared with the DHE fluorescent intensity of only-CML-injected group; “ns” represents a nonsignificant difference between the groups.

Article Snippet: 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (Cat. No. 044150), paraoxon-ethyl (Cat. No. 36186), N -ε-carboxymethyllysine (Cat No. 14580-5 g), coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10 ) (Cat. No. C9538-100 mg), dihydroethidium (Cat. No. 37291), and acridine orange (Cat. No. A9231) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Software, Fluorescence, Staining, Injection

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Chia seeds and coenzyme Q 10 alleviate iron overload induced hepatorenal toxicity in mice via iron chelation and oxidative stress modulation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47127-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) The modulating efficacies of dietary chia and CoQ 10 on the hepatic mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) of iron-overloaded mice. CoQ 10 : Coenzyme Q 10 (300 mg/kg body weight); Diet containing Chia seeds (362 g/kg diet); IOL: Iron overload. ( B ) The modulating efficacies of dietary chia and CoQ 10 on the renal mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) of iron-overloaded mice. CoQ 10 : Coenzyme Q 10 (300 mg/kg body weight); Diet containing Chia seeds (362 g/kg diet); IOL: Iron overload.

Article Snippet: Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10 ) was procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Chia seeds and coenzyme Q 10 alleviate iron overload induced hepatorenal toxicity in mice via iron chelation and oxidative stress modulation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47127-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Modulating efficacies of dietary chia and CoQ 10 on mitochondrial DNA copies of iron-overloaded mice. Values are mean ± SEM (n = 7). Values with different superscript letters in the same raw are significantly different at P < 0.05. CoQ 10 : Coenzyme Q 10 (300 mg/kg body weight); Diet containing Chia seeds (362 g/kg diet); IOL: Iron overload.

Article Snippet: Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10 ) was procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Effect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: evaluation using coenzyme Q 10 as naked nanocrystals

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S34365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Suspensions of bulk drugs and naked coenzyme Q 10 nanocrystals of different sizes after storage for 2 days at room temperature. Notes: From left to right: bulk drugs, nanocrystals of 80 nm, 120 nm, 400 nm, and 700 nm, respectively. The drug content of all five formulations was about 1 mg/mL.

Article Snippet: Unfortunately, this is limited by absorption of coenzyme Q 10 onto the Millipore filter.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Effect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: evaluation using coenzyme Q 10 as naked nanocrystals

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S34365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of coenzyme Q 10 nanocrystals (n = 4)

Article Snippet: Unfortunately, this is limited by absorption of coenzyme Q 10 onto the Millipore filter.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Effect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: evaluation using coenzyme Q 10 as naked nanocrystals

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S34365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Physical stability of the suspensions of naked coenzyme Q 10 nanocrystals at room temperature (n = 3).

Article Snippet: Unfortunately, this is limited by absorption of coenzyme Q 10 onto the Millipore filter.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Effect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: evaluation using coenzyme Q 10 as naked nanocrystals

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S34365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transmission electron micrographs of coenzyme Q 10 nanocrystals with particle sizes of ( A ) 80 nm, ( B ) 120 nm, ( C ) 400 nm, and ( D ) 700 nm. Note: Bar = 500 nm.

Article Snippet: Unfortunately, this is limited by absorption of coenzyme Q 10 onto the Millipore filter.

Techniques: Transmission Assay

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Effect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: evaluation using coenzyme Q 10 as naked nanocrystals

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S34365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differential scanning calorimetry patterns of suspensions of coenzyme Q 10 nanocrystals of different sizes and coarse suspensions. Notes: ( A ) Coarse suspensions; ( B ) 80 nm, ( C ) 120 nm, ( D ) 400 nm, ( E ) 700 nm; ( F ) coarse suspensions after storage for 4 hours; ( G ) 50-fold concentrated 120 nm nanocrystal suspensions.

Article Snippet: Unfortunately, this is limited by absorption of coenzyme Q 10 onto the Millipore filter.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Effect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: evaluation using coenzyme Q 10 as naked nanocrystals

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S34365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differential scanning calorimetry patterns of dried suspensions of coenzyme Q 10 nanocrystals of different sizes and coarse suspensions. Notes: ( A ) Coarse suspensions; ( B ) 80 nm, ( C ) 120 nm, ( D ) 400 nm, ( E ) 700 nm; ( F ) 50-fold concentrated 120 nm nanocrystal suspensions.

Article Snippet: Unfortunately, this is limited by absorption of coenzyme Q 10 onto the Millipore filter.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Effect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: evaluation using coenzyme Q 10 as naked nanocrystals

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S34365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kinetic solubility of coenzyme Q 10 at different drug contents ranging from about 0.03 mg/mL to 0.33 mg/mL. Notes: Results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three replicates. ● = 0.03 mg/mL; ♦ = 0.10 mg/mL; ▲ = 0.17 mg/mL; ♦ = 0.33 mg/mL. Solid line: placed horizontally; dotted line: placed vertically.

Article Snippet: Unfortunately, this is limited by absorption of coenzyme Q 10 onto the Millipore filter.

Techniques: Solubility, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Effect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: evaluation using coenzyme Q 10 as naked nanocrystals

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S34365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kinetic solubility of coenzyme Q 10 nanocrystals and bulk drugs from the suspensions in three types of dissolution medium. Experiments were performed at 100 rpm and 25°C, and samples were placed horizontally for agitation. The drug content was about 0.33 mg/mL in every case. The results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three replicates. ( A ) Distilled water containing 1.3% w/v Tween 20, ( B ) distilled water containing 1.3% w/v Tween 20 and 5.0% v/v isopropanol, and ( C ) distilled water containing 1.3% w/v Tween 20 and 10.0% v/v isopropanol. Notes: Solid bar: passed through a three-layer membrane filter (the pore size from the top to bottom layer being 0.1 μm, 0.05 μm, and 0.1 μm); dashed bar: passed through a one-layer 0.05 μm Millipore filter.

Article Snippet: Unfortunately, this is limited by absorption of coenzyme Q 10 onto the Millipore filter.

Techniques: Solubility, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Effect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: evaluation using coenzyme Q 10 as naked nanocrystals

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S34365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Size and size distribution of different coenzyme Q 10 nanocrystals after dissolution in three types of dissolution medium for different predetermined times *

Article Snippet: Unfortunately, this is limited by absorption of coenzyme Q 10 onto the Millipore filter.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Effect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: evaluation using coenzyme Q 10 as naked nanocrystals

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S34365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dissolution profiles of coenzyme Q 10 nanocrystals and bulk drugs from the suspensions in three types of dissolution medium. ( A ) Distilled water containing 1.3% w/v Tween 20, ( B ) distilled water containing 1.3% w/v Tween 20 and 5.0% v/v isopropanol, and ( C ) distilled water containing 1.3% w/v Tween 20 and 10.0% v/v isopropanol. Notes: The dissolution study was performed at 100 rpm and 25°C. About 0.6 mg of coenzyme Q 10 was used in 900 mL of dissolution medium. The results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three replicates. ● = 80 nm; ○ = 120 nm; ▲ = 400 nm; △ = 700 nm; ■ = bulk drugs.

Article Snippet: Unfortunately, this is limited by absorption of coenzyme Q 10 onto the Millipore filter.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Effect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: evaluation using coenzyme Q 10 as naked nanocrystals

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S34365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum concentration–time profiles of coenzyme Q 10 after oral administration of different suspensions and capsules at doses of 60 mg/body in beagle dogs. Notes: Results are expressed as the mean, with the bars showing the standard deviation values. ● = 80 nm nanocrystal suspensions; ○ = 120 nm nanocrystal suspensions; ▲ = 400 nm nanocrystal suspensions; △ = 700 nm nanocrystal suspensions; ■ = capsules; □ = coarse suspensions (n ≥ 4).

Article Snippet: Unfortunately, this is limited by absorption of coenzyme Q 10 onto the Millipore filter.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Effect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: evaluation using coenzyme Q 10 as naked nanocrystals

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S34365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacokinetic parameters obtained after oral administration of different coenzyme Q 10 nanocrystal suspensions, coarse suspensions, and capsules (n ≥ 4) a

Article Snippet: Unfortunately, this is limited by absorption of coenzyme Q 10 onto the Millipore filter.

Techniques:

Journal: Genes

Article Title: Enriched Pathways of Calcium Regulation, Cellular/Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Proliferation Characterize Gluteal Muscle of Standardbred Horses between Episodes of Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis

doi: 10.3390/genes13101853

Figure Lengend Snippet: The concentrations of ROS, glutathione and CoenzymeQ 10 in RER-susceptible compared to control horses. ( A ). ROS concentrations ( B ). Glutathione concentrations. ( C ). CoQ 10 concentrations. Only CoQ 10 concentrations were significantly higher ( p = 0.0072) in RER-susceptible horses. ** indicates p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10 ) analysis was performed on the resting muscle samples at the Michigan State University Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Core using a high-resolution/accurate-mass UHPLC-MS/MS system consisting of a Thermo Vanquish UHPLC interfaced with Thermo Q-Exactive according to Pandey 2018 [ ].

Techniques: